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Archive for the 'Higher Education' Category

06
Apr

Germany: Universities and Universities of Applied Sciences

The system for higher education in the Federal Republic of Germany includes colleges of education, academics of fine arts, universities and universities of applied sciences. There are presently around 350 forms of these institutions all over Germany.

Most of the institutions for higher education are State funded. In 2010, 11 out of the 16 states of Germany provided tuition for free while only five of those states charged tuition fees on colleges.

The universities for applied sciences or Fachhochschulen are the largest and youngest sector of Germany’s higher education. All of the Fachhochschulen are accredited by the State. The establishment of Fachhochschulen was partly due to a growing demand for higher level education as well as the need to respond to newer challenges in the workplace. The Fachhochschulen mission is to cultivate arts and sciences through continuing education and research. It also aims to train students for them to be more prepared for occupations that require the application of scientific findings and skills. The courses and curriculum offered in Fachhochschulen are geared towards the needs and requirements of the workplace.

The Admission Process of Fachhochschulen and other Universities

The German government has several quotas to ensure a fair admission process among all applicants. Quotas specify that 20% of the slots for admission must be given to students who graduated from the top 20% of their class. Another 20 % of admission slots should also be given to students who have been on the waiting list the longest and at least 2% are to be given to students that are considered “hardship cases”.

Universities are also not allowed to show any type of preferential treatment or discrimination on the basis of ethnicity, gender, race or social class except those that are considered “hardship cases” which may be shown preferential treatment.

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06
Apr

UK: University Education and Famous Universities

Except for the University of Buckingham, the undergraduate education of the UK is financed by the State. The State does not influence any part of the education’s curriculum or syllabus but have power over admission procedures. All universities in the UK are required to secure a royal charter to be able to issue degrees. A royal charter is a formal document that is issued by a monarch.

Universities offer a Bachelor’s degree which usually lasts to three years. Upon completion of a first degree, students are allowed to take a postgraduate degree which includes a Master’s degree that takes up to one year in research or education and a Doctorate degree that typically takes three years in research.

The undergraduate Master’s degree is being offered by some Universities as a first degree. This usually takes four years of education. The large difference in tuition fees for first degrees and Master’s degree makes it more like for students to take an undergraduate Master’s degree as their first degree.

Famous Universities in the UK

Universities in the UK are famous for its excellence in education and the quality of its teachings. The quality of teachers in the UK is largely influenced by the State who has a large control over training courses among teachers. The State maintains high standards among teachers and their training courses by making use of Ofsted instructors.

Cambridge is among the most famous universities in the UK. It was developed in the 1200’s and is the second oldest university of the country. Oxford is another prestigious university that was developed in the 11th century. This institution is the oldest in the country. Both Oxford and Cambridge have a college based system. In tandem, these two universities are often referred to as “Oxbridge”.

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06
Apr

Higher Education in China

Higher education in China is continually evolving especially with the development of more Western-oriented models. The county offers non degree programs as well as a degree system that includes a Bachelors degree, Masters degree and Doctoral degree.

The acceptance to a university is largely based on a student’s performance on the National Higher Education Entrance Examination or Gaoko. The public universities would require higher entrance scores compared to private universities.

Influences of Higher Education in China

The mindset of the Chinese people is based on teachings of Confucius. This has prompted higher education in China to be largely based on Confucian Ideals. The advent of the Opium War also exposed the Chinese to the western world. They were able to discover development of science and technology that impacted and influenced higher education.

All forms of higher education in China falls under the government leadership. This shift was highly influenced by the Soviet Union during the 1950’s. The government has introduced a centralized system of instruction. This form of unified system poses limited flexibility among universities that continue to struggle with excessive segmentation and departmentalization.

The cultural revolution in China during the 1970’s devastated the education sector. The quality of education was at its lowest. In the 1980’s reforms to higher education were proposed to bring improvement to universities. An increase in flexibility and autonomy was provided for education to increase quality of teaching.

As of the year 2000, China has over 2000 institutions. However, there is a very large demand for post secondary education that the government cannot keep pace to fulfill such a demand. At present, the government continually exerts effort to develop and improve the quality and quantity of education among universities.

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06
Apr

US: College and University System

Higher education in the United Sates continually receives such a large amount of support for research and funding that it had made US universities and colleges among the most prestigious in the world. The 2010 Webometrics Ranking of Universities all over the world revealed that 103 US universities were included in the top 200. This has made the US college and university system particularly attractive for academic excellence among researchers, professors and international students.

The US federal government has no direct participation for the regulation of US universities except for service academies and staff colleges. The individual state is solely responsible for the administration and operation of public universities.

The US college and university system is also highly decentralized. There is no one particular body that regulates the quality for all forms of higher education across the US. Most universities have created independent accreditation organizations to vouch and assess the quality of the different degrees that are being offered. A criterion for accreditation is largely based on academic quality. Colleges and universities that do not receive any accreditation are termed “diploma mills” and its education is thought of as lacking in quality.

US Universities that have Received World Wide Accreditation

Harvard University has received much praise for the quality and excellence of education it has given to individuals. It is the oldest institution for higher education in the US. Harvard University has three main goals which include knowledge creation, opening an individual’s mind to the knowledge created and encouraging students to acquire full advantage of the numerous educational opportunities available.

US universities that are also well known to produce high quality education are Yale University, Duke University, Northwestern University and UCLA are just a few among many others.

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